The Advantages of Oxygen Therapy for Scuba Diving-Related Illnesses

The Advantages of Oxygen Therapy for Scuba Diving-Related Illnesses

Scuba diving offers a mesmerizing opportunity to explore the underwater world, but it also comes with its own set of risks. Occasionally, divers may experience accidents or illnesses, ranging from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions. One critical tool that significantly reduces the impact of these diving-related issues is oxygen, specifically first aid oxygen (FAO2). In this article, we’ll discuss the benefits of oxygen therapy for scuba diving illnesses.

Immediate Relief with Oxygen Administration

Inhaling 100% oxygen (FAO2) helps accelerate the diffusion and elimination of excess nitrogen absorbed during dives. This process improves blood circulation, re-oxygenates tissues, and reduces swelling and inflammation, providing symptom relief or, in some cases, complete symptom resolution.

Time is crucial when dealing with diving-related illnesses. Administering oxygen promptly can provide immediate relief for conditions like decompression sickness (DCS), arterial gas embolism (AGE), and pulmonary barotrauma. For more information on oxygen administration, divers can take the PADI EFR First Aid and the PADI Oxygen Provider Course.

Decompression Sickness (DCS), commonly known as “the bends,” occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the blood and tissues due to rapid ascent or inadequate decompression. Oxygen therapy increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the body, facilitating the faster elimination of nitrogen bubbles.

Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE) is one of the most serious diving-related conditions, arising when air enters the bloodstream due to lung tissue damage. Administering 100% oxygen reduces the size of the embolism and improves blood flow, helping prevent further damage to vital organs.

Pulmonary Barotrauma results from rapid ascent or breath-holding during ascent, causing lung injury. Oxygen therapy aids in alleviating symptoms and promotes healing by increasing oxygen levels and supporting tissue repair.

Given the importance of oxygen first aid, one of the missions of the Divers Alert Network (DAN) is to ensure that oxygen equipment and trained personnel are present at every dive site. This may require instructors and divers to own and maintain their own oxygen units.

Oxygen as a Supportive Therapy

In addition to providing immediate relief, oxygen is also used as a supportive therapy for other diving-related conditions:

  • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Faulty or poorly maintained equipment can cause carbon monoxide (CO) exposure during a dive. Oxygen therapy helps remove CO from the bloodstream, minimizing damage and reducing long-term health risks.
  • Hypothermia: Diving in cold water can lead to hypothermia, where the body loses heat faster than it can produce it. Administering oxygen warms the inhaled air, helping maintain the body’s core temperature and reducing the chilling effect.
  • Near-Drowning Incidents: In cases of near-drowning, oxygen therapy is crucial for minimizing brain damage and aiding recovery. It restores oxygen levels to the brain, supporting cellular functions and preventing long-term effects of oxygen deprivation.

How Long Should Oxygen Be Administered?

According to the Divers Alert Network (DAN), the duration of FAO2 therapy depends on the oxygen supply available. While 30 minutes may be a minimum duration, it is recommended to extend the therapy if neurological symptoms are present. In such cases, oxygen should be administered for at least 90 minutes, even if symptoms resolve within the first few minutes. This approach enhances the effectiveness of FAO2 and reduces the likelihood of symptom recurrence.

Conclusion

Oxygen is a vital tool in managing scuba diving illnesses, providing both immediate relief and long-term support. Its role in eliminating nitrogen bubbles, reducing gas embolisms, and promoting tissue repair significantly improves recovery outcomes for divers. Quick and effective administration of oxygen is essential for increasing the chances of a successful treatment and recovery.

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